{"id":579,"date":"2026-09-30T13:58:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T13:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academic.pargaidefenceacademy.in\/class-6th\/?p=579"},"modified":"2026-09-30T14:03:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T14:03:33","slug":"ch-4-timeline-and-sources-of-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academic.pargaidefenceacademy.in\/class-6th\/2026\/09\/30\/ch-4-timeline-and-sources-of-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch 4 – Timeline and Sources of History"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u23f3 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 - \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 - Ch 4 - \u0938\u092e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 - NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/div>\n
Timeline and Sources of History - \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 - \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\ud83d\udcd6 \u092d\u093e\u0917 1\/5 - \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? - NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/div>\n
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NCERT \u092a\u0947\u091c 62 - Gregorian calendar most widely used today<\/p>\n

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\u2705 BC - Before Christ:<\/b> Jesus Christ \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 - dates counted backwards - Example: 2000 BC means 2000 years before birth of Jesus<\/p>\n

\u2705 AD - Anno Domini:<\/b> \u0926\u094b Latin \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 - \"in the year of the lord\" - Jesus \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 - Example: AD 2008 or 2008 AD<\/p>\n

\u2705 BCE - Before Common Era:<\/b> BC \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0905\u092c BCE - Same meaning - Example: 560 BCE - Gautama Buddha born<\/p>\n

\u2705 CE - Common Era:<\/b> AD \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0905\u092c CE - Example: 1947 CE - India independence - can be written 1947 AD or 1947 CE<\/p>\n

\u2705 No Year Zero:<\/b> Timeline jumps directly from 1 BCE to 1 CE - \u0915\u094b\u0908 0 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83c\udfaf NCERT Point: 1947 CE = 1947 AD, 560 BCE = Buddha \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\ud83d\udcd6 \u092d\u093e\u0917 2\/5 - \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 - NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/div>\n
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NCERT: Each society has its own way of measuring time<\/p>\n

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\u2705 Gregorian calendar:<\/b> 12 months, 365 days, leap year every 4 years - worldwide civil purposes \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n

\u2705 Other calendars:<\/b> Hindu, Muslim, Jewish, Chinese calendars - festivals \u0914\u0930 auspicious events \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n

\u2705 Decade:<\/b> 10 years<\/p>\n

\u2705 Century:<\/b> 100 years - Example: 19th Century CE - Rani of Jhansi 1828<\/p>\n

\u2705 Millennium:<\/b> 1000 years<\/p>\n

\u2705 Timeline:<\/b> visually arrange events in order they happened - sequence \u0914\u0930 relationship \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926: Birth of important person or start of ruler's reign marks beginning of new era<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\ud83d\udcd6 \u092d\u093e\u0917 3\/5 - \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? - NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/div>\n
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NCERT Fig 4.2.1 \u0938\u0947 4.2.4 - exact \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926:<\/p>\n

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Geologists:<\/b> Study earth, rocks, climate conditions<\/div>\n
Palaeontologists:<\/b> Study fossils - impressions of footprints, parts of plants or animals preserved within layers of soil or rocks<\/div>\n
Anthropologists:<\/b> Study human societies and cultures<\/div>\n
Archaeologists:<\/b> Dig up remains left by people, plants, animals - tools, pots, beads, figurines, toys, bones, teeth, burnt grains, parts of houses or bricks - NCERT exact list<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\ud83c\udfaf \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 POINT: Archaeologists dig up remains - Tools, Pots, Beads, Bones - NCERT List<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\ud83d\udcd6 \u092d\u093e\u0917 4\/5 - \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 - Sources - NCERT \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/div>\n
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NCERT: Various sources help us understand history<\/p>\n

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\u2705 Archaeological Sources:<\/b> Old buildings, monuments - Temples, Mosques, Tombs, Churches, Palaces, Forts<\/p>\n

\u2705 Inscriptions:<\/b> Writings on seals, temple walls, stones or pillars - Epigraphy is study of inscriptions - Example: Allahabad Inscription of Samudragupta<\/p>\n

\u2705 Coins:<\/b> Made of copper, bronze, gold - depict image of kings, gods and goddesses<\/p>\n

\u2705 Literary Sources:<\/b> Religious literature and secular literature - handwritten or written records<\/p>\n

\u2705 Primary Sources:<\/b> Original documents created during time - inscriptions, ancient literature, letters - Secondary Sources:<\/b> Books, articles that interpret primary sources<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\ud83d\udcdd \u092d\u093e\u0917 5\/5 - Quick Revision - NCERT \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940<\/div>\n
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Q1.<\/b> BC \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c? Before Christ - backwards count<\/span><\/p>\n

Q2.<\/b> CE \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c? Common Era - AD \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939<\/span><\/p>\n

Q3.<\/b> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e use \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e calendar? Gregorian calendar<\/span><\/p>\n

Q4.<\/b> Archaeologists \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0916\u094b\u0926\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? tools, pots, beads, bones, burnt grains<\/span><\/p>\n

Q5.<\/b> Year Zero \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e? \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - 1 BCE \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e 1 CE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u2705 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 NCERT \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 - \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - 100% Safe!<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n
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