{"id":802,"date":"2026-10-04T16:54:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T16:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academic.pargaidefenceacademy.in\/Class-9th\/?p=802"},"modified":"2026-10-07T15:39:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T15:39:59","slug":"chapter-3-tissues-in-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academic.pargaidefenceacademy.in\/Class-9th\/2026\/10\/04\/chapter-3-tissues-in-action\/","title":{"rendered":"*Chapter 3* | Tissues in Action | \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-802\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-802-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-802-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-802-0-0-0\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div id=\"CH3-BHAG1-HINDI\" style=\"max-width:860px;margin:12px auto;border:4px solid #e65100;border-radius:14px;background:#fff3e0;font-family:'Noto Sans Devanagari',Arial;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#e65100;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:10px;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;\">\u092d\u093e\u0917 1 - \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f - \u092a\u093e\u0920 3 - Tissues in Action - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 24-36 - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px;\">\n\n<div id=\"c3b1f1\" style=\"display:block;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e65100;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 1\/4 - \u092a\u093e\u0920 3 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c 29 Fig 3.1 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>\u092a\u0947\u091c 29 - 3.1 Why are Plant and Animal Tissues Different? \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c-\u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?<\/b><br>\n\u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br><br>\n\u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 2 Cell: The Building Block of Life \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u091c \u0905\u091a\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n\u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br><br>\n<b>3.2 Tissues for Growth in Plants \u092a\u0947\u091c 29:<\/b> \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0916\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0917 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<br>\n\u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908), \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908), \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 meristematic tissue \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br>\n<b>3.2.1 Apical meristem \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 - \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 29 Fig 3.1:<\/b> \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Activity 3.1: Let us design experiments - 1. \u0926\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092a\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0964 2. \u0905\u092c \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0926 \u0932\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e Fig 3.1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 3. \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0964 4. \u0926\u093f\u0928 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u094b\u0964 5. \u0926\u093f\u0928 3 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0930 B \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1 cm \u0915\u093e\u091f \u0926\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u094b, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u094b\u0964 Fig 3.1 Experimental set-up to observe the growth of roots (a) Jar A (b) Jar B\u0964<br>\nMeet a Scientist - B. G. L. Swamy \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 Hasuru Honnu \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 1978\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b1f2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e65100;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 2\/4 - \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c 31-33 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 Fig 3.7 Fig 3.8 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>\u092a\u0947\u091c 31 - \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/b> \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 lateral meristem \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n<b>3.2.3 Intercalary meristem \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 - \u0915\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 31 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6:<\/b> \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0930\u094b\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u094b \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u091f \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e? \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920\u094b\u0902 nodes \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 Fig 3.5\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u094b \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u092c\u0917\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e\u091f \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 Fig 3.6 \u0914\u0930\/\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0938\u094d\u0925, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0964 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 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\u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0930\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0930\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n(ii) Supporting tissue - Simple permanent tissues \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u091f\u0939\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0940 \u091f\u0939\u0928\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948? \u092c\u0940\u091c \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e, \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Fig 3.8 Various types of simple permanent tissues (a) Parenchyma Thin walls (b) Collenchyma Thick walls (c) Sclerenchyma Thick lignified walls\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b1f3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e65100;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 3\/4 - \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c 32-35 Fig 3.8 Fig 3.9 Fig 3.10 Fig 3.11 Table 3.2 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>a. Parenchyma \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091c 32:<\/b> \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.8a\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n<b>b. Collenchyma \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e:<\/b> \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 (\u0930\u092c\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928) \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.8b\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947 \u091d\u0941\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n<b>c. Sclerenchyma \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091c 33:<\/b> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.8c \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0915\u093e\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0930\u094b\u091f \u0916\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n(iii) Conducting tissues - Complex permanent tissues \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e Fig 3.9a \u0935\u0939 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.9b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0928, \u091f\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n\u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 - \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 Fig 3.10 - 1. Dermal tissue system \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 2. Ground tissue system \u092d\u0930\u0923 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e, \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 3. Vascular tissue system \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Fig 3.10 Tissue systems in plants, Fig 3.9 Vascular tissue (a) xylem Tracheid Xylem fibre Vessel Xylem parenchyma and (b) phloem Sieve pore Companion cell Phloem parenchyma Sieve tube\u0964<br>\n<b>\u092a\u0947\u091c 34-35 - \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915:<\/b> Pause and Ponder - \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0902\u0920\u0932 \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0964 3.3 Animal Tissues \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094b - \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0932\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u091d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0913, \u092e\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0920\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u094b, \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u094b, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u091b\u0941\u0913\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0938\u094b\u091a\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0920\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0928 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0947? \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n<b>3.3.1 Epithelial tissues - Structure and functions \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0947\u091c 34:<\/b> \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 (\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0939, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 Table 3.2\u0964 Fig 3.11 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 Table 3.2 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n<b>Table 3.2 Characteristics of functionally and structurally different epithelial tissues \u092a\u0947\u091c 35:<\/b><br>\nFunction Exchange: Helps in rapid diffusion of liquids and gases - Structure Single layer of thin, flat cells Fig 3.11a - Location Lining of the tissue in the blood vessels and lungs<br>\nProtection: Protects underlying tissues from mechanical injury, friction and entry of microbes - Structure Many layers of cells; outer cells are flat and tightly packed Fig 3.11b - Location Skin, mouth and oesophagus<br>\nSecretion: Production and secretion of mucus, enzymes, hormones, sweat saliva - Structure Cells specialised for producing and releasing substances; may be cuboidal or columnar Fig 3.11c - Location Salivary glands, sweat glands and stomach lining<br>\nSensory functions: Smell, taste, sound and balance - Structure Specialised receptor cells having hair like cilia Fig 3.11d - Location Nostrils, taste buds and inner ear<br>\nAbsorption: Efficient uptake of nutrients, water, etc. - Structure Single layer of tall, pillar-like cells, often with hair-like structure Fig 3.11e - Location Lining of small intestine<br>\nFig 3.11 Types of epithelial tissues in different parts of the body (a)(b)(c)(d)(e) \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0939 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b1f4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e65100;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 4\/4 - \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 Activity 3.2 Table 3.3 Fig 3.12 \u092a\u0947\u091c 36-37 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>3.3.2 How are various parts connected in our body? \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 35:<\/b> \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 connective tissue \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930, \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.12a\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Activity 3.2 Let us understand further \u092a\u0947\u091c 36 Table 3.3 Fig 3.12 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> Recall everyday experiences given in first column of Table 3.3. Write your observations and questions in your notebook. Compare your observations with the observations given in Table 3.3\u0964<br>\n<b>Table 3.3 Your experiences, observations and questions from daily life:<\/b><br>\nExperiences: When you get a small cut on your skin - Observations Red blood oozes out from the cut. A clot is formed after some time. - Questions What causes blood to clot?<br>\nWhen you get a skin infection - Observations The area turns red and perhaps slightly swollen. You may have a fever. - Questions (\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940)<br>\nWhen you exercise or run - Observations You breathe faster. Your face may turn red. - Questions (\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940)<br>\n<b>\u0930\u094b\u091c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/b><br>\n1. \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, RBCs \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u0939-\u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928\u0964 RBCs \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 4 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n2. Platelets \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n3. \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<br>\n4. White Blood Cells WBCs \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0915\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 (\u0932\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n<b>Fig 3.12 Types of connective tissues \u092a\u0947\u091c 36 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\n(a) Components of blood - Plasma 55% of total volume, Formed elements 45% of total volume - WBC, Platelets, RBCs\u0964 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 - \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930 55% \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 45%\u0964<br>\n(b) Types of bones - Collar bone \u0939\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0940, Long bone \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940, Kneecap \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<br>\n(c) Arrangement of tissues at a joint \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e - Tendon \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e, Cartilage \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f, Ligament \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0964 \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<br>\n<b>Activity 3.3 Let us perform \u092a\u0947\u091c 37 Table 3.4 Connective tissues \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> 1. Perform actions given in Table 3.4. 2. Record your experiences and compare them with experiences given in Table 3.4. 3. Study their functions and identify connective tissues Fig 3.12\u0964 Table 3.4: Action Touch your elbow gently - Experience A hard and rigid structure - Function Gives strength, support and protection - Identified connective tissue Bone Fig 3.12b\u0964 Press and fold your ear or gently press your nose and stop - Experience A soft and flexible structure that retains shape again - Function Provides flexibility and cushions ends of bones for shock absorption - Cartilage Fig 3.12c\u0964 Touch your forearm muscles and wiggle your fingers - Experience Feel movement in forearm even though fingers are far away - Function Connects muscle to bone and thus brings about movement - Tendon Fig 3.12c\u0964 Sit on a chair and move your leg upwards till your knee allows - Experience The joint does not go beyond a limit - Function Connects bone to bone and provides stability, limits movement, and helps prevent dislocation - Ligament Fig 3.12c\u0964<br>\nBones have rigid matrix containing calcium and phosphorus compounds giving them strength and rigidity. In contrast cartilage has soft jelly-like matrix and provides flexibility and cushioning. Other connective tissues include tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones to bones and prevent excessive movement Fig 3.12c\u0964<br><br>\n<div style=\"background:#fff9c4;border:3px solid #fbc02d;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;\">\n\u2705 \u092d\u093e\u0917 1 - \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f - \u092a\u0947\u091c 24-36 - Activity 3.2 Table 3.3 Fig 3.12 - \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 55% \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e 45% \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 RBC \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 4 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 Platelets \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e WBC \u092e\u0935\u093e\u0926 - \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 - \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2705\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#e65100;padding:12px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;\">\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b1p\" style=\"background:#ffcc00;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u2190 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947<\/button>\n<span id=\"c3b1i\" style=\"background:#fff;color:#e65100;padding:8px 20px;border-radius:20px;font-weight:bold;\">1 \/ 4<\/span>\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b1n\" style=\"background:#00e676;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u0906\u0917\u0947 \u2192<\/button>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var c=1,t=4;function s(n){for(var i=1;i<=t;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c3b1f'+i);if(e)e.style.display=(i===n?'block':'none');}document.getElementById('c3b1i').textContent=n+' \/ '+t;c=n;}document.getElementById('c3b1n').onclick=function(){var n=c+1;if(n>t)n=1;s(n);};document.getElementById('c3b1p').onclick=function(){var n=c-1;if(n<1)n=t;s(n);};})();<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-802-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-802-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-802-1-0-0\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div id=\"CH3-BHAG2-HINDI\" style=\"max-width:860px;margin:12px auto;border:4px solid #0d47a1;border-radius:14px;background:#e3f2fd;font-family:'Noto Sans Devanagari',Arial;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#0d47a1;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:10px;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;\">\u092d\u093e\u0917 2 - \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 - \u092a\u093e\u0920 3 - Tissues - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-43 - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px;\">\n\n<div id=\"c3b2f1\" style=\"display:block;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #0d47a1;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 1\/4 - \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-38 Table 3.4 Fig 3.13 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Table 3.4 Connective tissues \u092a\u0947\u091c 37 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\nAction Touch your elbow gently - Experience A hard and rigid structure - Function Gives strength support and protection - Identified connective tissue Bone Fig 3.12b<br>\nPress and fold your ear or gently press your nose and stop - Experience A soft and flexible structure that retains shape again - Function Provides flexibility and cushions ends of bones for shock absorption - Cartilage Fig 3.12c<br>\nTouch your forearm muscles and wiggle your fingers - Experience Feel movement in forearm even though fingers are far away - Function Connects muscle to bone and thus brings about movement - Tendon Fig 3.12c<br>\nSit on a chair and move your leg upwards till your knee allows - Experience The joint does not go beyond a limit - Function Connects bone to bone and provides stability limits movement helps prevent dislocation - Ligament Fig 3.12c<br>\nBones have a rigid matrix containing calcium and phosphorus compounds giving them strength and rigidity. In contrast cartilage has a soft jelly-like matrix and provides flexibility and cushioning. Other connective tissues include tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones to bones and prevent excessive movement Fig 3.12c\u0964<br><br>\n<b>3.3.3 Can we control movement in our body? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-38 Fig 3.13 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\nSome movements are under our conscious control such as running writing or lifting objects. These are called voluntary movements and are carried out by skeletal muscles Fig 3.13 which are attached to the skeleton. They are made up of bundles of long cylindrical cells called muscle fibres which are unbranched multinucleate having many nuclei and striated showing light and dark bands\u0964<br>\nAre there involuntary movements in the body? Yes many body movements occur automatically without conscious control for example the movement of food in the intestine and the beating of the heart. These are called involuntary movements. The muscles responsible for these movements include smooth muscles Fig 3.13 which are found in organs like the stomach and intestines. Their cells are spindle-shaped have a single nucleus and lack striations. They help in slow continuous movements like digestion\u0964<br>\nThe cardiac muscles Fig 3.13 are found only in the heart. Their fibres are cylindrical and branched with a single nucleus and have faint striations. Cardiac muscles work tirelessly and rhythmically enabling the heart to beat throughout life without fatigue\u0964<br>\nFig 3.13 Different types of muscles - Skeletal muscle \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0936\u093e\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0910\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915, Cardiac muscle \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927, Smooth muscle \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0941-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b2f2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #0d47a1;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 2\/4 - \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091c 38-39 Fig 3.14 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 Fig 3.15 musculoskeletal \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>3.3.4 How does the body sense, communicate and respond? \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 38 Fig 3.14 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\nHave you noticed how quickly you pull your hand away from something hot or how you remember lyrics of a song learned long ago? These actions are controlled by nervous tissue which forms the body's control and coordination network. The brain acts as the control centre coordinating activities memory and responses across the body. Muscles both voluntary and involuntary cannot function independently. They receive instructions from the nervous tissue. For example during exercise the brain signals the heart to beat faster to meet the body's increased oxygen demand\u0964<br>\nThe cells of nervous tissue are called neurons Fig 3.14 or nerve cells which are specialised to receive process and transmit messages. Each neuron has three main parts - the cell body which contains the nucleus and controls cell activities; dendrites which receive signals from other neurons; and an axon a long fibre that carries messages from the cell and ends at axon terminals. The axon terminals transmit the messages to other cells\u0964<br>\nFig 3.14 Structure of a neuron - Cell body \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915, Dendrites \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924, Axon \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, Axon terminals \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0949\u0928 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936, Nucleus \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0964<br><br>\n<b>3.4 The Musculoskeletal System \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091c 38 Fig 3.15 musculoskeletal \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\nThe musculoskeletal system Fig 3.15 is made up of bones muscles joints cartilage tendons and ligaments. This system helps us stand upright move maintain posture and protect delicate organs. The musculoskeletal system functions under the control of the nervous system. Muscles pull on bones to produce movement. They are attached to bones by strong flexible bands called tendons Fig 3.15. When a muscle contracts the tendon transmits this force to the bone resulting in movement at a joint. Have you wondered how much of your body weight comes from bones? On an average the adult human skeleton makes up about 12-15 per cent of body weight though this can vary with age gender and body composition\u0964<br>\nFig 3.15 Musculoskeletal system in human body - Bones \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, Muscles \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, Joint \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c, Cartilage \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f, Tendon \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e, Ligament \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b2f3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #0d47a1;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 3\/4 - \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0947\u091c 39-40 Table 3.5 Activity 3.4 Activity 3.5 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Activity 3.4 Let us investigate \u092a\u0947\u091c 39 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> What percentage of total body weight comes from bones and muscles? 1. Step on a weighing scale and record your total body weight. 2. Use online references or health resources to find average bone and muscle mass percentage for your age gender and an Indian body type these may vary by ethnicity. For example on average adult males have about 40-50 per cent muscle and adult females have ~30-40 per cent muscle although bone mass is about 12-15 per cent for all adults. 3. Multiply your total body weight by the bone percentage and muscle percentage to estimate the weight of your bones and muscles. 4. Record estimated bone weight and muscle weight and compare them with your total body weight. 5. Compare your findings with those of your classmates and calculate the class average\u0964 Discuss why do bone and muscle mass differ between individuals and how do they contribute to overall body weight?<br><br>\n<b>3.4.1 The musculoskeletal system in action \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u091c 39 Activity 3.5 Table 3.5:<\/b> Move different parts of your body and observe what movement(s) it can make\u0964 Table 3.5 Different types of movements our body can make Body parts Complete rotation Partial rotation Bending Turning side-raising up-down or any other movement Elbow No No Yes Shoulder Yes Yes Yes Knee No No Yes Neck No Yes Yes Fingers No No Yes Toes No No Yes Wrist No Yes Yes\u0964 You may have noticed that some parts of our body can move easily in many directions while others move only in a single direction. Why does this happen? The difference is due to the types of joints present. A joint is a junction between two or more bones. Joints allow movement but they cannot move the bones on their own. So what actually causes the bones to move? Muscles contract and pull tendons which move bones at joints Fig 3.15\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Types of joints \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091c 40-41 Fig 3.16 Fig 3.17 Fig 3.18:<\/b> Ball and socket joint \u0915\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0915 \u0916\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e - Shoulder and hip - Complete rotation - \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0964 Hinge joint \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e - Elbow Knee - Bending one plane only - \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940\u0964 Pivot joint \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 - Neck - Partial rotation - \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964 Gliding joint \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0940 - Wrist ankle - Sliding - \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0964 Fig 3.16 Types of joints, Fig 3.17 Shoulder ball and socket, Fig 3.18 Elbow hinge\u0964 Cartilage cushions ends of bones shock absorption Fig 3.12c\u0964 Tendon tough connective tissue transmits force from muscle to bone\u0964 Ligament tough connects bone to bone prevents excessive movement\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b2f4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #0d47a1;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 4\/4 - At a Glance \u0914\u0930 Bridging Science and Society \u092a\u0947\u091c 42-43 Fig 3.19 Fig 3.20 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>At a Glance \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u091c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u091c 42-43 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\n- Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform specific functions. \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n- Different tissues coordinate with one another to perform life processes in plants and animals. \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n- Plant tissues are broadly classified into meristematic and permanent tissues depending on their ability to divide. \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0964<br>\n- Functionally plant tissues can be categorised as protecting tissue supporting tissue and conducting tissue. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0964<br>\n- Permanent tissues may be simple made-up of one type of cell or complex made-up of more than one type of cell. \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<br>\n- Simple permanent tissues include parenchyma collenchyma and sclerenchyma. \u0938\u0930\u0932 - \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0964<br>\n- Complex permanent tissues include xylem and phloem that transport water and food respectively to all parts of the plant. \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 - \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0964<br>\n- Animal tissues are mainly of four types; epithelial connective muscular and nervous tissues. \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<br>\n- Epithelial tissue forms outer covering of body or protective lining to internal organs to provide protection and other functions. \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u093e\u0964<br>\n- Connective tissue connects and supports various organs and tissues of the body. \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e - \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 55% \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e 45% \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 RBC \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 Platelets \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e WBC \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938, \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0928\u0930\u092e \u091c\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947, \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0964<br>\n- Muscular tissue produces voluntary and involuntary movements for locomotion and other movements in the body. \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0910\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0936\u093e\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940, \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 Fig 3.13\u0964<br>\n- Nervous tissue consists of neurons to receive and transmit impulses and helps regulate body activities. \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 Fig 3.14 Cell body Dendrites Axon Axon terminals Nucleus \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0964<br>\n- Skeletal system protects organs and provides support. \u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<br>\n- In our body movement occurs by coordination of muscles and bones musculoskeletal system under control of nervous system. \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f Fig 3.15 Tendon Ligament Muscles Cartilage Bones Joint - \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 12-15 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Bridging Science and Society \u092a\u0947\u091c 42 Fig 3.19 Fig 3.20:<\/b> In nature plant pathologists have observed a disease in plants called crown gall disease Fig 3.20. In this disease tumour-like swellings develop on stems due to rapid and uncontrolled cell division. The disease is caused by bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens\u0964 Instead of only trying to cure this disease scientists studied how a bacterium transfers its genetic material into plant cells. This knowledge was later used in plant tissue culture and genetic engineering. Today Agrobacterium is used as tool to introduce useful genes into plants for production of valuable phytochemicals improved crops and disease-resistant varieties\u0964 Fig 3.20 Crown gall disease - \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 - \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<br><br>\n<div style=\"background:#fff9c4;border:3px solid #fbc02d;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;\">\n\u2705 \u092d\u093e\u0917 2 - \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-43 - Fig 3.13 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 Skeletal Cardiac Smooth - Fig 3.14 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 Cell body Dendrites Axon - Fig 3.15 musculoskeletal Tendon Ligament - Table 3.4 Table 3.5 At a Glance - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 - \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2705\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#0d47a1;padding:12px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;\">\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b2p\" style=\"background:#ffcc00;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u2190 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947<\/button>\n<span id=\"c3b2i\" style=\"background:#fff;color:#0d47a1;padding:8px 20px;border-radius:20px;font-weight:bold;\">1 \/ 4<\/span>\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b2n\" style=\"background:#00e676;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u0906\u0917\u0947 \u2192<\/button>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var c=1,t=4;function s(n){for(var i=1;i<=t;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c3b2f'+i);if(e)e.style.display=(i===n?'block':'none');}document.getElementById('c3b2i').textContent=n+' \/ '+t;c=n;}document.getElementById('c3b2n').onclick=function(){var n=c+1;if(n>t)n=1;s(n);};document.getElementById('c3b2p').onclick=function(){var n=c-1;if(n<1)n=t;s(n);};})();<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-802-2\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-802-2-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-802-2-0-0\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div id=\"CH3-BHAG3-HINDI\" style=\"max-width:860px;margin:12px auto;border:4px solid #1565c0;border-radius:14px;background:#e3f2fd;font-family:'Noto Sans Devanagari',Arial;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#1565c0;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:10px;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;\">\u092d\u093e\u0917 3 - \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 - \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 3 - \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0924\u0915 - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-47 - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 - \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u091b\u0942\u091f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px;\">\n\n<div id=\"c3b3f1\" style=\"display:block;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #1565c0;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 1\/4 - Q1 \u0938\u0947 Q4 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 Revise Reflect Refine Fig 3.21 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Revise, Reflect, Refine \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>Q1. \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n(i) \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n(ii) \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n(iii) \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\n(iv) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (iii) \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091c 31 - \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0915 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q2. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n(i) \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e (ii) \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e (iii) \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 (iv) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e<br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (ii) \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091c 33 - \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e Fig 3.9a \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e Fig 3.9b \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0924\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e\u0964 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q3. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n(i) \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br>\n(ii) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br>\n(iii) \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br>\n(iv) \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (iii) \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091c 35 Table 3.2 - Exchange Helps in rapid diffusion Single layer thin flat cells Fig 3.11a blood vessels lungs - \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0964 Protection \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f many layers flat tightly packed skin mouth oesophagus \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q4. \u0906\u092a \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0915\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 Fig 3.21 Straight-leg jump \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u094b\u0964 Normal jump \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0942\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u0947, \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u0940\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 Fig 3.21 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> Straight-leg jump \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e \u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091d\u091f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u0930, \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f Cartilage \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Normal jump \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.15 musculoskeletal system Tendon Ligament Muscles Cartilage Bones Joint - \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u091d\u091f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Fig 3.21 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0942\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b3f2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #1565c0;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 2\/4 - Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-45 Table 3.7 Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Q5. \u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n(i) \u0915\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0915 \u0916\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (ii) \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e (iii) \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940<br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (ii) \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e Hinge joint\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091c 40-41 - Ball and socket \u0915\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0915 \u0916\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928, Hinge \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0928\u0940 \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e bending one plane primarily, Pivot \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928, Gliding \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q6. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 A, B, C \u0914\u0930 D \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f: (i) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A. (ii) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A. (iii) A is true but R is false. (iv) A is false but R is true\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-45 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\nA. Assertion: Epithelium is well-suited for gas exchange in lungs. \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0925\u0928: \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 Reason: It consists of multiple layers of tall cells that slow down diffusion. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\nB. Assertion: Cardiac muscle can contract continuously without fatigue. \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0925\u0928: \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 Reason: Cardiac muscle cells have high number of mitochondria and abundant blood supply. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\nC. Assertion: Tendons connect bone to bone and allow joint movement. \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0925\u0928: \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Reason: Tendons are made of tough connective tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\nD. Assertion: In a hinge joint movement occurs primarily in one plane. \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0925\u0928: \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 Reason: The bone ends are shaped to allow sliding in all directions. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b><br>\nA. (iii) A \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0905\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f - \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f single layer thin flat cells Fig 3.11a rapid diffusion, multiple layers tall cells slow diffusion \u0905\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0939 Protection skin mouth oesophagus \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 Table 3.2\u0964<br>\nB. (i) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 R A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e - \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 Fig 3.13 cylindrical branched single nucleus faint striations tirelessly rhythmically \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u0927\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0928 - \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 mitochondria \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0964<br>\nC. (iv) A \u0905\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f - \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e Tendon \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.12c Fig 3.15, \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 Ligament \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 stability limit dislocation\u0964 R \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964<br>\nD. (iii) A \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0905\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f - \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e Hinge elbow knee \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928\u093e Gliding wrist ankle \u092f\u093e Ball and socket shoulder hip complete rotation \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q7. \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902) x-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (cm \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0915\u0930\u094b Table 3.7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964 Table 3.7 Data related to age of teak tree and corresponding increase in diameter of stem and number of annual rings S.No. Age of teak tree Years DBH Diameter at Breast Height of tree cm Number of annual rings formed 1. 5 4 5 2. 10 8 10 3. 20 24 20 4. 25 28 25 5. 30 32 30 6. 40 40 40 (i) \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0964 (ii) \u0938\u093e\u0917\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948? (iii) \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 45 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (i) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b X=Age 5-40 Y=Diameter 4-40 \u0914\u0930 Rings 5-40 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 lateral meristem \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f Fig 3.4 annual growth rings wide narrow \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0964 (ii) \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 - Age 5 DBH 4 Rings 5, Age 40 DBH 40 Rings 40 - \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947\u0964 (iii) \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 lateral meristem \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 girth \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f circumference \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924, \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.7 Lateral meristem\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q8. \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0940 Fig 3.22 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u094b: (i) \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? (ii) \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e? (iii) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e? (iv) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e? \u092a\u0947\u091c 45 Fig 3.22 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0964 (i) \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e Protective tissue epidermis cork cambium cork cells dead compact impermeable water gases bark \u092a\u0947\u091c 34 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924\u0964 (ii) \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u092f\u092e Lateral meristem \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 (iii) \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0942\u0916 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 (iv) \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e Fig 3.7 Sunflower stem Epidermis Cuticle Phloem Ground tissue Lateral meristem Xylem\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b3f3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #1565c0;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 3\/4 - Q9 \u0938\u0947 Q13 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 Fig 3.23 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Q9. \u0906\u092e\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948? \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0913 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e Collenchyma \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 Fig 3.8b - \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f - \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0943\u0924 Fig 3.8c \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0930\u094b\u091f \u0916\u094b\u0932 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0930\u093e - \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q10. \u0938\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B Fig 3.23\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u092b\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 (i) \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902? (ii) \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0925\u093e? (iii) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e? (iv) \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f? \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 Fig 3.23 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> Fig 3.23 A \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 B \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964 (i) \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 Node \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 Intercalary meristem \u0925\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 - \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u0940\u0964 (ii) \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a B \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a A \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 (iii) \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0923 sprouting \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 (iv) \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0942\u092a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964 \u092f\u0939 Activity 3.1 Jar A Jar B \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e - \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q11. \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> \u0930\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u0940 - \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e Fig 3.8\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 Complex permanent tissue \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u091c 32-33\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924, \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 - \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940\u0964 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 - \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u0940 - \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e - \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u0947\u091c 28 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q12. \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0913 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e Sclerenchyma - \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 Fig 3.8c \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0940\u091c \u0928\u091f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0930\u094b\u091f \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0964 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e Fig 3.8a - \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964 Pause and Ponder - \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0921\u0902\u0920\u0932 \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e vs \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\/\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q13. \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u0939\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0947\u0939\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 - \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0938\u094d\u0925 apical root and shoot tips \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 Fig 3.3, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 lateral stem circumference \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 Fig 3.4 annual rings Fig 3.7 Lateral meristem, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 intercalary base of internode just above node \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u092a\u0930 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u0939\u093e \u092a\u0942\u091b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 - \u0924\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b3f4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #1565c0;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 4\/4 - Q14 Q15 \u0914\u0930 The Journey Beyond \u092a\u0947\u091c 46-47 Fig 3.24 Fig 3.25 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n<b>Q14. \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (i) \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940? \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0964 (ii) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> (i) \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 - \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 2 Cell \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e - \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964 (ii) \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u091c 29\u0964<br><br>\n<b>Q15. \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947? \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u0947? \u092a\u0947\u091c 46 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br>\n<b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926:<\/b> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 - \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0940? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u092d\u0940? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940? \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 - \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940, \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0964<br><br>\n<b>The Journey Beyond \u092a\u0947\u091c 47 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 Fig 3.24 Fig 3.25:<\/b> y Visit a doctor and find out what happens in ligament rupture \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092b\u091f\u0928\u093e, cartilage rupture \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u092b\u091f\u0928\u093e and fracture of bones \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0964 How can we reduce the risk by changing our lifestyle and nutritional balance? \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902? - \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 Fig 3.12, \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092c\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0964<br>\ny Perform following activity. (i) Sit with your feet flat on the floor. (ii) Place your fingers on the back of your ankle just above the heel Fig 3.24. (iii) Point your toes down and up and you will feel the tendon moving. Tendons are designed to withstand huge pulling forces. Try exploring other tendons in your body around different joints\u0964 Fig 3.24 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br>\ny Reflect on any physical practices you are familiar with such as yoga, kabaddi, etc. How would it support bone and muscle health? \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092c\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u0964<br>\ny Reflect on any gardening methods you know such as pruning, grafting, irrigation or crop rotation. How does each practice support healthy functioning of plant tissues like meristems, conducting tissues or supporting tissues? \u092c\u093e\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u0964<br>\ny Turn a nature walk into research project. (i) Observe different leaves and study their adaptations for various environments such as desert very moist or aquatic habitats. \u0930\u0947\u0917\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u092e \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0964 (ii) Consult elder community resource persons about their knowledge on different plant leaves such as leaves that remain fresh for long time repel water or deter insects. Find out their traditional uses such as making plates preparing cooling wraps or functioning as insect repellents. \u092c\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091f \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0920\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915\u0964<br>\ny Study various dance forms of different tribal communities across country. Each student learn and experience at least five steps. Observe joint movements involved in performing these steps and then develop a dance or drama on concept of joint movements. Perform this at school's annual function so students from different grades can learn from it\u0964 Fig 3.25 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0964<br>\nWill it be possible to obtain a complete animal from an animal cell like plants? If yes what would be advantages and challenges of this development? \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935? \u0932\u093e\u092d \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902? The Quest Continues\u2026<br><br>\n<div style=\"background:#fff9c4;border:3px solid #fbc02d;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;\">\n\u2705 \u092d\u093e\u0917 3 - \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-47 - \u0938\u092d\u0940 15 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 - \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - Fig 3.21 Fig 3.22 Fig 3.23 Fig 3.24 Table 3.7 - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2705<br>\nQ1 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915, Q2 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e, Q3 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, Q4 Straight Normal jump \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, Q5 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e, Q6 A (iii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii), Q7 Table 3.7 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f, Q8 Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091c\u0932, Q9 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0917\u093e, Q10 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e Fig 3.23 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915, Q11 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e, Q12 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0930\u092e, Q13 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 apical lateral intercalary, Q14 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940, Q15 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#1565c0;padding:12px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;\">\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b3p\" style=\"background:#ffcc00;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u2190 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947<\/button>\n<span id=\"c3b3i\" style=\"background:#fff;color:#1565c0;padding:8px 20px;border-radius:20px;font-weight:bold;\">1 \/ 4<\/span>\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b3n\" style=\"background:#00e676;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u0906\u0917\u0947 \u2192<\/button>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var c=1,t=4;function s(n){for(var i=1;i<=t;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c3b3f'+i);if(e)e.style.display=(i===n?'block':'none');}document.getElementById('c3b3i').textContent=n+' \/ '+t;c=n;}document.getElementById('c3b3n').onclick=function(){var n=c+1;if(n>t)n=1;s(n);};document.getElementById('c3b3p').onclick=function(){var n=c-1;if(n<1)n=t;s(n);};})();<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-802-3\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-802-3-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-802-3-0-0\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div id=\"CH3-BHAG4-HINDI\" style=\"max-width:860px;margin:12px auto;border:4px solid #4a148c;border-radius:14px;background:#f3e5f5;font-family:'Noto Sans Devanagari',Arial;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#4a148c;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:10px;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;\">\u092d\u093e\u0917 4 - \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 - \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 3 - Tissues - MCQ 25 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-47<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px;\">\n\n<div id=\"c3b4f1\" style=\"display:block;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #4a148c;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 1\/4 - MCQ 1-7 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u092a\u0947\u091c 28-35 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 1. \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0947\u091c 28<\/b><br>\nA) \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e B) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f C) \u0905\u0902\u0917 D) \u091c\u0940\u0935<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: \u090a\u0924\u0915 = \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091c 28, Chapter 2 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908, \u0905\u092e\u0940\u092c\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 2. \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 29<\/b><br>\nA) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 B) \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u0932 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0932 D) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f<\/b> - Trick: \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940, \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u0932 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932 locomotion, \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e vs \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 3. Activity 3.1 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u091c\u093e\u0930 A B \u0926\u093f\u0928 3 \u0928\u094b\u0915 1cm \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e Table 3.1 Fig 3.2 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937? \u092a\u0947\u091c 30<\/b><br>\nA) \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 B) \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 C) \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 D) \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0938\u094d\u0925<\/b> - Trick: Jar A \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 5.8 \u0924\u0915 Jar B \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 1.5 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 Fig 3.2 Growth of onion roots, \u0938\u092e\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 2 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 4. \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e? Fig 3.4 annual rings \u092a\u0947\u091c 30-31<\/b><br>\nA) \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 B) \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0932\u092f C) \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 D) \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0932\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Fig 3.4 T.S. tree trunk annual growth rings \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0928\u093e\u0964 Lateral meristem Fig 3.7\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 5. \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0902? Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 \u092a\u0947\u091c 31<\/b><br>\nA) \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0928\u094b\u0915 B) \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f C) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 D) \u091c\u0921\u093c<br>\n<b>Ans: C) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928<\/b> - Trick: \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 Node \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935 Internode \u0926\u094b \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u092c\u0940\u091a, Fig 3.5 New branches arising from node, Fig 3.6 Lawn mowing \u0918\u093e\u0938\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 apical lateral intercalary \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 6. \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e? \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e? \u092a\u0947\u091c 31<\/b><br>\nA) \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e B) \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0935 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0916\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 - \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u0928 C) \u092e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e D) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/b> - Trick: \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 7. Fig 3.7 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 T.S. Fig 3.8 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0928? \u092a\u0947\u091c 32-33<\/b><br>\nA) \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e Thin walls B) \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u092c\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947 Thick walls C) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0940\u091c \u0928\u091f \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0930\u094b\u091f Thick lignified walls D) \u0938\u092d\u0940<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 - Trick: \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 Epidermis Cuticle \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 Fig 3.7 - Epidermal hair Epidermis Cuticle Phloem Ground tissue Lateral meristem Xylem Sclerenchyma Stem Vascular tissue Parenchyma Collenchyma\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b4f2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #4a148c;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 2\/4 - MCQ 8-14 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u092a\u0947\u091c 33-37 Table 3.2 Fig 3.11 Fig 3.12 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/b><br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 8. \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930? Fig 3.9 Fig 3.10 \u092a\u0947\u091c 33-34<\/b><br>\nA) \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u0940\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 B) \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 C) \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 Fig 3.10 Dermal \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u092e, Ground \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e, Vascular \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u090f\u092e\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 9. \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0921\u0902\u0920\u0932 \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? Pause and Ponder \u092a\u0947\u091c 33<\/b><br>\nA) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e B) \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0924, \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\/\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<br>\n<b>Ans: B) \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\/\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e<\/b> - Trick: \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e Fig 3.8c Thick lignified walls \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u093e\u0908 Q12\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 10. \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930? Fig 3.13 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0947\u091c 34<\/b><br>\nA) 1 B) 4 - \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e C) 2 D) 3<br>\n<b>Ans: B) 4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/b> - Trick: \u092a\u0932\u0915 \u091d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e - \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092e\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0920\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0926 - \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940, \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 - \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e - \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0928 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0947 - \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 11. Table 3.2 Fig 3.11 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0947\u091c 35 - \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924?<\/b><br>\nA) Exchange rapid diffusion Single thin flat Fig 3.11a blood vessels lungs - \u0938\u0939\u0940 B) Protection many layers flat tightly packed Fig 3.11b Skin mouth oesophagus - \u0938\u0939\u0940 C) Absorption tall pillar hair-like Fig 3.11e small intestine - \u0938\u0939\u0940 D) Secretion single thin flat blood vessels - \u0917\u0932\u0924<br>\n<b>Ans: D) Secretion \u0917\u0932\u0924 - \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 cuboidal columnar Salivary sweat stomach Fig 3.11c mucus enzyme hormone sweat saliva, Sensory hair like cilia Fig 3.11d Nostrils taste buds inner ear smell taste sound balance<\/b> - Trick: Table 3.2 Characteristics functionally structurally different epithelial tissues\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 12. \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e? \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938? Fig 3.12a \u092a\u0947\u091c 35-36<\/b><br>\nA) \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0930\u092e \u091c\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e 55% \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 45% WBC Platelets RBC \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094c\u0939 4 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 B) \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Fig 3.12 Types connective tissues (a) Components blood Plasma 55% Formed 45% (b) Types bones Collar Long Kneecap (c) Arrangement at joint Tendon Cartilage Ligament\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 13. Activity 3.2 Table 3.3 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 - \u0915\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932 - \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923? \u092a\u0947\u091c 36<\/b><br>\nA) \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 RBC 4 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 B) Platelets \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e C) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932 D) WBC \u092e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092e\u093e pus inflammation E) \u0938\u092d\u0940<br>\n<b>Ans: E) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Table 3.3 Experiences Observations Questions - When you get small cut Red blood oozes clot What causes blood to clot? skin infection red swollen fever, exercise breathe faster face red\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 14. Table 3.4 Action Experience Function Tissue \u092a\u0947\u091c 37 - \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928?<\/b><br>\nA) Touch elbow hard rigid Gives strength support protection Bone Fig 3.12b B) Press ear nose soft flexible retains shape Provides flexibility cushions ends bones shock absorption Cartilage Fig 3.12c C) Touch forearm wiggle fingers Feel movement forearm though fingers far away Connects muscle to bone movement Tendon Fig 3.12c D) Sit chair move leg upwards joint not beyond limit Connects muscle to bone movement Tendon - \u0917\u0932\u0924<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0917\u0932\u0924 - \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 Connects bone to bone stability limits movement prevents dislocation Ligament Fig 3.12c<\/b> - Trick: Bones rigid calcium phosphorus strength rigidity, Cartilage soft jelly flexibility cushioning, Tendon muscle to bone, Ligament bone to bone excessive movement \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b4f3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #4a148c;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 3\/4 - MCQ 15-20 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-44 Fig 3.13 Fig 3.14 Fig 3.15 Fig 3.21 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/b><br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 15. Fig 3.13 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 - \u0915\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u0928\u0940, \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f - \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930? \u092a\u0947\u091c 37-38<\/b><br>\nA) Skeletal \u0910\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 voluntary running writing lifting long cylindrical unbranched multinucleate striated light dark bands attached skeleton B) Smooth \u0905\u0928\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 involuntary food intestine beating heart spindle single nucleus no striations stomach intestines slow continuous digestion C) Cardiac only heart cylindrical branched single nucleus faint striations tirelessly rhythmically beat throughout life without fatigue D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: 3.3.3 Can we control movement? voluntary involuntary\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 16. Fig 3.14 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928 Structure - Cell body, Dendrites, Axon, Axon terminals - \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f? \u092a\u0947\u091c 38<\/b><br>\nA) Cell body nucleus controls activities B) Dendrites receive signals from other neurons C) Axon long fibre carries messages ends at axon terminals transmit to other cells D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: 3.3.4 How does body sense communicate respond? \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0932 \u092f\u093e\u0926 - nervous tissue control coordination network brain control centre coordinating activities memory responses, muscles voluntary involuntary cannot function independently receive instructions nervous tissue exercise brain signals heart beat faster oxygen demand Fig 3.14 Cell body Dendrites Axon terminals Axon Nucleus\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 17. Fig 3.15 musculoskeletal - \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 % \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0928? Tendon \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e? \u092a\u0947\u091c 38<\/b><br>\nA) Adult skeleton 12-15% body weight vary age gender composition B) Tendon strong flexible bands muscles attached bones Muscle contracts tendon transmits force to bone resulting movement at joint C) Bones Muscles Joints Cartilage Tendons Ligaments stand upright move maintain posture protect delicate organs under nervous control D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Fig 3.15 Tendon Ligament Muscles Cartilage Bones Joint\u0964 Activity 3.4 bone muscle % - adult males 40-50% muscle females 30-40% muscle bone 12-15% all adults\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 18. Table 3.5 Different types movements - Elbow Shoulder Knee Neck - \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091c 39-40 Fig 3.16-3.18<\/b><br>\nA) Elbow No complete No partial Yes bending - Hinge B) Shoulder Yes complete Yes partial Yes - Ball and socket complete rotation C) Knee bending one plane - Hinge D) Neck partial rotation - Pivot, Wrist sliding - Gliding E) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: E) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Joint junction two or more bones, muscles cannot move bones own, muscles contract pull tendons move bones at joints, Cartilage cushions shock absorption, Ligament bone to bone stability prevents dislocation\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 19. Revise Reflect Refine Q1-3 - \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c, \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44<\/b><br>\nA) Q1 (iii) thin walls dense cytoplasm large prominent nucleus vacuoles absent tightly packed rapid division B) Q2 (ii) Phloem - Xylem \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940, Phloem \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0921\u093c C) Q3 (iii) quick exchange across them Single thin flat Fig 3.11a blood vessels lungs rapid diffusion - Protection many layers skin mouth oesophagus D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Q1 (i) thick walls protection permanent (ii) large vacuoles nutrients permanent parenchyma (iv) functionally differentiated permanent\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 20. Q4 Fig 3.21 Straight-leg jump vs Normal jump - \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 Q5 \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44<\/b><br>\nA) Straight-leg \u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091d\u091f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u092e, Normal \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e Tendon Ligament Muscles Cartilage Bones Joint Tendon \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u091d\u091f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e B) \u0918\u0941\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e Hinge \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e one plane - Ball socket shoulder hip complete, Pivot neck partial, Gliding wrist ankle sliding C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<br>\n<b>Ans: C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Fig 3.21 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0942\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"c3b4f4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #4a148c;border-radius:10px;padding:12px;height:650px;overflow-y:auto;line-height:2.1;font-size:14px;\">\n<b>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 4\/4 - MCQ 21-25 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-47 Table 3.7 Fig 3.22 Fig 3.23 Fig 3.24 Fig 3.25 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926<\/b><br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 21. Q6 Assertion Reasoning A B C D - \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a? \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-45<\/b><br>\nA) A Epithelium gas exchange lungs well-suited - True, Reason multiple layers tall slow - False - \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 single thin flat rapid diffusion Fig 3.11a Table 3.2 Exchange - Ans (iii) A true R false<br>\nB) B Cardiac continuous without fatigue - True, Reason high mitochondria abundant blood supply - True correct explanation - Ans (i) Both true R correct explanation<br>\nC) C Tendons connect bone to bone allow joint movement - False, Tendons muscle to bone transmits force tough connective - True - Ans (iv) A false R true - Ligament bone to bone<br>\nD) D Hinge movement primarily one plane - True, Reason bone ends shaped allow sliding all directions - False sliding all directions Gliding wrist ankle - Ans (iii) A true R false<br>\n<b>Ans: A (iii), B (i), C (iv), D (iii)<\/b> - Trick: Fig 3.13 cardiac tirelessly rhythmically, Fig 3.12c Tendon muscle to bone Ligament bone to bone\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 22. Q7 Table 3.7 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u094c\u0928 Age DBH Rings \u0914\u0930 Q8 Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0932 - \u0938\u0939\u0940?<\/b><br>\nA) Table 3.7 Age 5 10 20 25 30 40 DBH 4 8 24 28 32 40 Rings 5 10 20 25 30 40 - \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b Age vs Diameter Rings \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 - \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e lateral meristem \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 concentric Fig 3.4 annual rings wide narrow \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 - Diameter \u0914\u0930 Rings \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 1 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1 \u0935\u0932\u092f - Tissue responsible girth lateral meristem circumference Fig 3.7<br>\nB) Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 - (i) \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e Protective epidermis cork cambium dead compact impermeable \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 Phloem \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 (ii) \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 Xylem cambium (iii) \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u094b \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 Xylem \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e (iv) \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Phloem \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 Xylem - \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 - Fig 3.7 Epidermis Cuticle Phloem Ground Lateral meristem Xylem<br>\nC) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<br>\n<b>Ans: C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Bark rich source nutrients elephant food\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 23. Q9 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0914\u0930 Q10 Fig 3.23 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e A B \u0914\u0930 Q11 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0914\u0930 Q12 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e \u091a\u091f\u093e\u0908 - \u0938\u0939\u0940?<\/b><br>\nA) Q9 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 Collenchyma \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 rubber Fig 3.8b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947 - Sclerenchyma Fig 3.8c lignin \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0917\u093e<br>\nB) Q10 Fig 3.23 A \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 B \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 - B \u092e\u0947\u0902 Node Intercalary meristem \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 - A \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 sprouting \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 - \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0942\u092a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 - Jar A B \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0928\u094b\u0915<br>\nC) Q11 \u0930\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f - \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u0940 Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Fig 3.8 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 - \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 Xylem Tracheid Vessel Parenchyma Fibre, Phloem Sieve tube Companion Parenchyma Fibre \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f - \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u0940<br>\nD) Q12 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u093e Sclerenchyma Thick lignified walls \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u093e\u0908, Parenchyma Thin walls \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - Coriander \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e Parenchyma\/Collenchyma<br>\n<b>Ans: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f - A B C D \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Pause and Ponder \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0930 \u0927\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0930\u092e\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 24. Q13 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937, Q14 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940, Q15 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f - \u0938\u0939\u0940?<\/b><br>\nA) Q13 \u0917\u0932\u0924 - \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 apical root shoot tips \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 Fig 3.3, lateral circumference \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 Fig 3.4 Fig 3.7, intercalary base internode above node \u0918\u093e\u0938 Fig 3.5 Fig 3.6 - \u0928\u0947\u0939\u093e \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930?<br>\nB) Q14 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 2 - \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 - \u0935\u093f\u092d\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 - \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091c 29<br>\nC) Q15 \u0917\u0932\u0924 - \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 - Parenchyma \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u093e, Xylem \u091c\u0932 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940, Phloem \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, Epidermis \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 - \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915?<br>\nD) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: Q13 Q14 Q15 critical thinking\u0964<br><br>\n\n<b>MCQ 25. The Journey Beyond \u092a\u0947\u091c 47 Fig 3.24 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 Fig 3.25 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947? - \u0938\u0939\u0940?<\/b><br>\nA) Fig 3.24 Sit feet flat floor Place fingers back ankle just above heel Point toes down up feel tendon moving - Tendons designed withstand huge pulling forces - other tendons around different joints<br>\nB) Ligament rupture \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092b\u091f\u0928\u093e Cartilage rupture \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u092b\u091f\u0928\u093e Fracture \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e - doctor lifestyle nutritional balance calcium phosphorus Fig 3.12 bone Fig 3.15 - yoga kabaddi bone muscle health - gardening pruning grafting irrigation crop rotation meristem conducting supporting - nature walk leaves desert moist aquatic adaptations - elder community leaves fresh long repel water deter insects traditional plates cooling wraps insect repellents - dance forms tribal five steps joint movements dance drama annual function Fig 3.25<br>\nC) Will it be possible obtain complete animal from animal cell like plants? If yes advantages challenges? - \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Sipra Guha Mukherjee S.C. Maheshwari anther culture complete plant artificial nutrient medium controlled lab crop improvement - \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 differentiation totipotency \u0915\u092e ethical \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940<br>\nD) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<br>\n<b>Ans: D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/b> - Trick: The Quest Continues\u2026 - Tendon Ligament Cartilage Bone health yoga - crown gall Fig 3.20 Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumour swellings rapid uncontrolled division - tool genetic engineering phytochemicals improved crops disease-resistant\u0964<br><br>\n\n<div style=\"background:#fff9c4;border:3px solid #fbc02d;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;\">\n\u2705 \u092d\u093e\u0917 4 - \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 - MCQ 25 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 - \u092a\u0947\u091c 44-47 - Fig 3.24 \u091f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0930\u093e Fig 3.25 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f - Table 3.7 DBH Rings Fig 3.22 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0932 Fig 3.23 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e A B - \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e 5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 - \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 - \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e - \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2705<br>\n\u092d\u093e\u0917 1 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u092d\u093e\u0917 2 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0917 3 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u091b\u0942\u091f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0917 4 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0930 MCQ 25 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 ans \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 - \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 NCERT - \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"background:#4a148c;padding:12px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;\">\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b4p\" style=\"background:#ffcc00;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u2190 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947<\/button>\n<span id=\"c3b4i\" style=\"background:#fff;color:#4a148c;padding:8px 20px;border-radius:20px;font-weight:bold;\">1 \/ 4<\/span>\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"c3b4n\" style=\"background:#00e676;color:#000;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 22px;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer;\">\u0906\u0917\u0947 \u2192<\/button>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var c=1,t=4;function s(n){for(var i=1;i<=t;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c3b4f'+i);if(e)e.style.display=(i===n?'block':'none');}document.getElementById('c3b4i').textContent=n+' \/ '+t;c=n;}document.getElementById('c3b4n').onclick=function(){var n=c+1;if(n>t)n=1;s(n);};document.getElementById('c3b4p').onclick=function(){var n=c-1;if(n<1)n=t;s(n);};})();<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0917 1 &#8211; \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f &#8211; \u092a\u093e\u0920 3 &#8211; Tissues in Action &#8211; \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 &#8211; \u092a\u0947\u091c 24-36 &#8211; \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e 1\/4 &#8211; \u092a\u093e\u0920 3 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c 29 Fig 3.1 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u091c 29 &#8211; 3.1 Why are Plant and Animal Tissues Different? \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c-\u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Science &#187; *Chapter 3* | Tissues in Action | \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e &#187; Class-9th - Agniveer Foundation Hub | Pargai Defence &amp; Academic.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Class 9 Online Classes in Bageshwar with NCERT Textbook based study material, chapter-wise learning, MCQs, assignments and Agniveer Foundation. 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